Observer Research Foundation

The Strait of Hormuz crisis highlights the dependence of some economies, particularly in Africa, on vulnerable maritime supply routes. Madagascar, which sources 99% of its oil supplies from Oman, has faced shortages and strikes by transport operators, leading the government to declare a state of energy emergency in Apr…

India's growth story presents a striking paradox: it has achieved remarkable success in reducing extreme poverty, while high levels of wealth concentration continue to persist. This is not merely a function of national or headline growth, but also state-level development trajectories. This brief explains that India’s n…

India will host the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi next month as part of its fourth BRICS presidency, after 2012, 2016, and 2021. As a grouping whose members differ sharply in their perceptions of the West, their economic interests, and conception of the international order, India will have to ensure that intra-member …

Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi’s visit to New Delhi for the 16th Annual Summit underscored the need to reassess the India-Japan energy partnership in a rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape. That shift is already reflected in the language emerging from the summit. This brief argues that from strategic petroleum res…

The tank's place in contemporary warfare is increasingly contested. Yet, no ground warfare platform today offers better mobile, protected firepower than the Main Battle Tank (MBT), despite its vulnerabilities. This brief argues that as drones reshape the battlefield, India's Integrated Battle Groups must balance manpow…